Python中的赋值和引用是不同的概念。需要对python中的浅拷贝和深拷贝有深刻的理解，这样在使用的时候才不会出现数据结构理解错误导致程序运行出现问题。1.list的赋值，这是一个reference。>>>a=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]>>>c=a>>>c[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]>>>c.附加（33）>>>c[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33]>>>a[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33]>>>c.pop()33>>>c[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]>>>a[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]2。注意直接赋值和[:]的区别（并学习排序函数）：>>>a[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]>>>c[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]>>>>d[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]>>>id(a),id(c),id(d)(4673312584,4673312584,4673312584,4673314632)>>>a.sort()>>>a[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]>>>a.sort(reverse=False)>>>a[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]>>>>a.sort(reverse=True)>>>a[7,6,5,4,3,2,1]>>>c[7,6,5,4,3,2,1]>>>d[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]3。浅拷贝浅拷贝只能拷贝外层，即元素也是可变对象，不会被拷贝eg:>>>importcopy>>>a=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]>>>b=[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]>>>a[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]>>>b[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]>>&g吨;c=a>>>c[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]>>>d=[a,b]>>>d[[1,2,3,4,5,6,7],[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]]>>>a.append(33)>>>a[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33]>>>b[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]>>>c[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33]>>>d[[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33],[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]]>>>id(a),id(b),id(c),id(d)(4671685064,4670406408,4671685064,4673337544)>>>e=copy.copy(a)>>>id(e)4673311752>>>e[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33]>>>e.append(44)>>>e[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,44]>>>a[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33]>>>b[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]>>>c[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33]>>>d[[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33],[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]]>>>e[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,44]>>>a[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33]>>>a.append(55)>>>a[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55]>>>b[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]>>>c[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55]>>>d[[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55],[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]]>>>e[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,44]>>>id(a),id(b),id(c),id(d),id(e)(4671685064,4670406408,4671685064,4673337544,4673311752)>>>d[[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55],[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]]>>>a[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55]>>>c[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55]>>>e[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,44]>>>f=copy.copy(d)>>>id(f)4673326664>>>id(a),id(b),id(c),id(d),id(e),id(f)(4671685064,4670406408,4671685064,4673337544,4673311752,4673326664)>>>f[[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55],[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]]>>>d[[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55],[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]]>>>a[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55]>>>a.append(66)>>>a[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55,66]>>>d[[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55,66],[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]]>>>f[[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55,66],[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]]>>>id(f[0])4671685064>>>id(d[0])4671685064>>>id(a)4671685064>>>id(c)4671685064>>>e[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,44]>>>a[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55,66]>>>c[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55,66]>>>f[0][1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55,66]>>>e[0]1>>>d[0][1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55,66]>>>d[[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55,66],[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]]>>>f[[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55,66],[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]]>>>d.append(000)>>>d[[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55,66],[11,22,33,44,55,66,77],0]>>>f[[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55,66],[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]]>>>>>>d.pop()0>>>d[[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55,66],[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]]>;>>f[[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55,66],[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]]4。深拷贝深拷贝就是不仅会拷贝元素本身，还会开辟一块新的内存空间，这样拷贝的元素不会影响到之前的数据。>>>dd=copy.deepcopy(d)>>>d[[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55,66],[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]]>>>dd[[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55,66],[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]]>>>id(d),id(f),id(dd)(4673337544,4673326664,4673312520)>>>dd[[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55,66],[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]]>>>a[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55,66]>>>c[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55,66]>>>d[[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55,66],[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]]>>>f[[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55,66],[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]]>>>e[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,44]>>>dd[[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55,66],[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]]>>>a.pop()66>>>a[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55]>>>c[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55]>>>d[[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55],[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]]>>>f[[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55],[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]]>>>e[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,44]>>>dd[[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,33,55,66],[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]]>>>id(dd)4673312520>>>id(dd[0])4673312392>>>>>>id(a),id(b),id(c),id(d),id(e),id(f),id(dd[0])(4671685064,4670406408,4671685064,4673337544,4673311752,4673326664,4673312392)>>>id(d[0])4671685064>>>id(id(e[0])...键盘中断>>>id(f[0])4671685064>>>hh=(1,2,3,4,5)>>>ii=copy.copy(hh)>>>id(hh),id(ii)(4675125760,4675125760)>>>jj=copy.copy(hh)>>>hh,ii,jj((1,2,3,4,5),(1,2,3,4,5),(1,2,3,4,5))>>>id(jj)4675125760>>>a='1213131'>>>id(a)4675118840>>>aa=copy.copy(a)>>>aa'1213131'>>>id(aa)4675118840>>>bb=copy.deepcopy(a)>>>id(bb)46751188401.拓展解析
