命令介绍traceroute命令用于显示数据包与主机之间的路径信息。traceroute命令利用IP协议的“生存时间”字段，并尝试从通往主机的路径上的每个网关获取ICMPTIME_EXCEEDED响应。[root@CentOS7-1~]#traceroute-bash:traceroute:commandnotfound[root@CentOS7-1~]#yuminstalltr??aceroute-ysyntaxtraceroute[-46dFITUnreAV][-ffirst_ttl][-ggate,...][-idevice][-mmax_ttl][-pport][-ssrc_addr][-qnqueries][-Nsqueries][-ttos][-lflow_label][-wwaittime][-zsendwait][-UL][-D][-Pproto][--sport=port][-Mmethod][-Omod_options][--mtu][--back]host[packet_len]选项说明-d#使用Socket级函数-f#设置第一个检测包的生存值TTL的大小-g#设置源路由网关，最多可以设置8个-i<网络接口>#使用指定的网络接口发送数据包-I#使用ICMP响应代替UDP-m<生存值>#设置检测数据包的最大生存值TTL大小-n#使用IP地址-p<通信端口>#设置UDP传输协议的通信端口-r#忽略路由表，将数据包直接发送到远程主机-s#设置本地主机发送数据包的IP地址-t#设置检测数据包的TOSValue-v#详细显示执行过程-w#设置等待远程主机返回的时间-x#开启或关闭正确性验证数据包应用示例[root@CentOS7-1~]#traceroutewww.bai.comtraceroutetowww.bai.com(39.105.137.64),30hopsmax,60bytepackeTS1网关（192.168.1.1）1.362MS2.077MS1.252MS2100.106.0.1（100.106.0.1）6.903MS6.256MS4.887MS3112.26.21.65（112.26.21.21.65）.48.53）5.430MS5.964MS5.573MS5221.183.40.33（221.183.40.33）25.211MS24.256MS23.582MS23.582MS6**7111.13.0.173（111.14.173）MS39.156.0.37（39.156.0.37）24.476MS839.156.7.41（39.156.7.41）27.161MS39.156.1.225.1.225）28.571MS39.156.7.41（39.156.7.41）26.401MS26.422MS10*116.251.105.78（116.251.105.78）94.101(116.251.94.101)28.575毫秒*12***13***14***15***16**17***18***19***20***212*****23***24***25***26***27***28***29***30***#每一行记录为一跳，每一跳代表一个网关。如果有*，可能是防火墙禁止ICMP数据包设置指定跳数[root@CentOS7-1~]#traceroute-m5www.bai.comtraceroutetowww.bai.com(39.105.137.64），5个跳跃最大，60个字节包1网关（192.168.1.1）0.891MS0.987MS1.232MS20100.1（10600.1.0.0.0.0.1）5.577MS4.535MS4.726MS4.726MS3112.26.21.65（112.21.21.65）5.276MS5.243MS4221.183.48.53（221.183.48.53）7.336MS5.865MS5.836MS5221.183.40.33（221.183.40.33）]#traceroute-nwww.bai.comtraceroute到www.bai.com(39.105.137.64)，最多30跳，60字节数据包1192.168.1.10.814ms0.553ms0.578ms2100.106.0.16.032ms82m6.0320.814ms3??112.26.21.65??4.854?ms??4.691?ms??9.640?ms?4??221.183.48.53??7.241?ms??7.086?ms??6.928?ms?5??221.183.40.33??25.174?ms??25.030?ms??25.194?ms?6??***7111.13.188.3727.009ms111.13.0.17325.983ms39.156.0.4625.386ms839.156.1.225??27.632?ms?*?39.156.0.37??25.082?ms?9??*?116.251.112.186??28.673?ms?39.156.7.41??26.949?ms10??123.56.34.25??27.917?ms?116.251.94.113??27.853?ms?119.38.212.97??27.568?ms11??116.251.105.78??30.888?ms?119.38.212.85??28.531?ms?*12??*?**13***14***15***16***17***18***19***20***21***22***23***24***25***26***27***28***29***30***设置检测包个数为5[root@CentOS7-1~]#traceroute-q5www.bai.comtraceroute?to?www.bai.com?(39.105.137.64),?30?hops?max,?60?byte?packets?1??gateway?(192.168.1.1)??0.795?ms??0.568?ms??0.537?ms??0.474?ms??0.541?ms?2??100.106.0.1?(100.106.0.1)??4.805?ms??4.414?ms4.843MS4.588MS4.957MS3112.26.21.65（112.26.21.65）4.506MS4.574MS4.574MS4.917MS4.877MS4.880MS4221.183.48.53（221.183.48.53）.40.33)45.558毫秒24.936毫秒24.420毫秒24.374毫秒24.974毫秒6*****739.156.0.46（39.156.0.46）25.993MS39.156.0.37（39.156.0.37）25.967MS111.13.0.173（111.13.0.173）25.074?ms?39.156.0.46?(39.156.0.46)??25.646?ms??25.533?ms?39.156.0.37?(39.156.0.37)??27.975?ms?9??39.156.7.41?(39.156.7.41)??30.148?ms?39.156.1.225?(39.156.1.225)??27.671?ms??27.640?ms?39.156.7.41（39.156.7.41）27.215MS26.626MS10116.251.112.206（116.251.112.206）28.230MS116.251.112.214（116.251.251.112.214）*****12****13*****14*****15****16*****17*****18*****19*****20****21*****22*****23*****24*****25*****26*****27*****28*****29*****30*****绕过正常的路由表，直接发送到网络相关的主机[root@CentOS7-1~]#traceroute-rwww.bai.comtraceroute到www.bai.com(39.105.137.64),30hopsmax,60bytepacketsconnect:Networkisunreachable[root@CentOS7-1~]#traceroute-r192.168.1.100tracerouteto192.168.1.100(192.168.1.100),30hopsOSmax,60美分1字节包1(192.168.1.100)0.193ms0.004ms0.003ms每天学一个Linux命令（70）：dig
