进程命令管理过程：二进制加载到内存中，CPU在整个过程中执行指令。该进程必须是一个正在运行的程序。PID进程ID号查看进程ps：进程简要视图top：进程动态视图pstree：进程树状视图[root@localhost2020-3-13]#psPIDTTYTIMECMD18481pts/000:00:00bash18501pts/000:00:00ps[root@localhost2020-3-13]#toptop-17:55:23up108days,20:23,1user,loadaverage:0.00,Tasks:64total,1running,63睡眠，0停止，0zo%Cpu(s)：0.7us，0.3sy，0.0ni，99.0id，0.0wa，0.0hi，KiBMem：总计1883496，免费685784，已使用78456，1119256KiB交换：总计0，0免费，0使用。1617020PID用户PRNIVIRTRESSHRS%CPU%MEM296804root125SHRS%CPU%MEM296804root125SHRS125-1061.00.7777root200562388165645876S0.30.929710root4324-102780S0.30.21根2005146036802516S0.00.22根200000S0.00.03根200000S0.00.05root0-20000S0.00.07根rt0000S0.00.08根200000S0.00.09根200000S0.00.010根rt0000S0.00.012root200000S0.00.013root0-20000S0.00.014root200000S0.00.0[root@localhost2020-3-13]#pstreesystemd─┬─阿里云盾────23*[{AliYunDun}]├─AliYunDunUpdate────3*[{AliYunDunUpdate}]├─2*[agetty]├─aliyun-service────2*[{aliyun-service}]├─atd├─auditd────{auditd}├─crond├─dbus-daemon├─dhclient├─ntpd├─polkitd───5*[{polkitd}]├─rsyslogd───2*[{rsyslogd}]├─sshd───sshd────bash──pstree├─systemd-journal├─systemd-logind├─systemd-udevd└─tuned────4*[{tuned}]杀戮进程k例举终止：结束，终点[root@localhost2020-3-13]#sleep1000&[1]18529[root@localhost2020-3-13]#psPIDTTYTIMECMD18481pts/000:00:00bash18529pts/000:00:00sleep18530pts/000:00:00ps[root@localhost2020-3-13]#kill18529[root@localhost2020-3-13]#psPIDTTYTIMECMD18481pts/000:00:00bash18531pts/000:00:00ps[1]+终止睡眠1000pkill举例[root@localhost2020-3-13]#psPIDTTYTIMECMD18481pts/000:00:00bash18537pts/000:00:00ps[root@localhost2020-3-13]#睡眠1000&[1]18538[root@localhost2020-3-13]#睡眠1000&[2]18539[root@localhost2020-3-13]#sleep1000&[3]18540[root@localhost2020-3-13]#sleep1000&[4]18541[root@localhost2020-3-13]#sleep1000&[5]18542[root@localhost2020-3-13]#psPIDTTYTIMECMD18481pts/000:00:00bash18538pts/000:00:00sleep18539pts/000:00:00sleep18540pts/000:00:00sleep18541pts/000:00:00sleep18542pts/000:00:00sleep18543pts/000:00:00ps[root@localhost2020-3-13]#pkillsleep[1]终止睡眠1000[2]终止睡眠1000[3]终止睡眠1000[4]-终止睡眠1000[5]+终止睡眠1000[root@localhost2020-3-13]#psPIDTTYTIMECMD18481pts/000:00:00bash18547pts/000:00:00ps在变化进程（前台执行/后台执行）的末尾添加&，表示挂在后台执行作业，显示后台任务[root@localhost2020-3-13]#sleep100^C[root@localhost2020-3-13]#psPIDTTYTIMECMD18481pts/000:00:00bash18507pts/000:00:00ps[root@localhost2020-3-13]#sleep100&[1]18513[root@localhost2020-3-13]#psPIDTTYTIMECMD18481pts/000:00:00bash18513pts/000:00:00sleep18514pts/000:00:00ps转到前台示例[root@localhost2020-3-13]#jobs[root@localhost2020-3-13]#sleep1000&[1]18549[root@localhost2020-3-13]#jobs[1]+Runningsleep1000&[root@localhost2020-3-13]#sleep1000&[2]18550[root@localhost2020-3-13]#jobs[1]-runningsleep1000&[2]+runningsleep1000&[root@localhost2020-3-13]#fg1sleep1000^C[root@localhost2020-3-13]#jobs[2]+runningsleep1000&usermanagement添加/删除用户主组：默认情况下，每个用户的默认创建的基本组附加组：除了基本组之外，用户可以所属的其他组一个用户可以有很多组，但是只有一个主组。其余为附加组/etc/passwd文件-g指定用户的主组stuUserid:1001,groupid:1001stu3:userid:1003,groupid:1001stu和stu3的主组是同一个组stu[root@localhosthome]#useradd-gstustu3[root@localhosthome]#cat/etc/passwd|grepstustu:x:1001:1001::/home/stu:/bin/bashstu2:x:1002:1002::/home/stu2:/bin/bashstu3:x:1003:1001::/home/stu3:/bin/bash/etc/group文件-G指定用户所属的除主组外的附加组stu，TA的附加组为stu2[root@localhosthome]#useradd-Gstustu2[root@localhosthome]#猫/etc/组|grepstuAkuaner:x:1000:stustu:x:1001:stu2stu2:x:1002:/etc/shadowfilepasswdsetpassword没有密码的新用户[root@localhhome]#cat/etc/shadow|grepstu3stu3:!!:18336:0:99999:7:::[root@localhhome]#passwdstu3正在更改用户stu3的密码。新密码：重新输入新密码：passwd：所有身份验证令牌已成功更新。[root@localhhome]#猫/etc/阴影|grepstu3stu3:$6$shDnKXpO$x.pN6HZDwGp0MmKXEMbYPpdkGkb/lAITw.fnzxNmVb0ZoSifWFnKS.PQP1KW5lE9b8eFhrWyQGzHk0nySlAN2/:18336:0:99999:7:::
